Change viewing parameters
Switch to Russian version Select another database
Turkic etymology : Search within this database Total of 2017 records 101 page
Pages: 61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Back: 1 20 50 Forward: 1 20 \data\alt\turcet
▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*jaryn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"shoulder, shoulderblade face="Times New Roman Star"ïëå÷î, ëîïàòêà face="Times New Roman Star"jaryn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jaryn (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jaryn face="Times New Roman Star"c?aryn face="Times New Roman Star"c?aryn face="Times New Roman Star"jaryn, d/aryn face="Times New Roman Star"s/orúm face="Times New Roman Star"saryn face="Times New Roman Star"saryn, sanny face="Times New Roman Star"c?aryn face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 970, ÝÑÒß 4, 66, Ëåêñèêà 242, Äûáî 139-141, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 142, Stachowski 209. Forms going back to *jagryn are due to a merger with *jagyr (v. sub *dagV ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"desolate, uninhabited face="Times New Roman Star"ïóñòûííûé, íåîáèòàåìûé face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"on|c?e| 'îäèíîêèé, óåäèíåííûé' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 168.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"side face="Times New Roman Star"ñòîðîíà face="Times New Roman Star"jan (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jan (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"jan (Bor. Bad, Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n face="Times New Roman Star"nan, c?an face="Times New Roman Star"c?an face="Times New Roman Star"jan, d/an face="Times New Roman Star"ja:n face="Times New Roman Star"s/om face="Times New Roman Star"c?an face="Times New Roman Star"z?|an face="Times New Roman Star"z?an face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"z?|an, z?an, zan face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"z?an face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"jan face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 940, ÝÑÒß 4, 113, 118-119, TMN 4, 120, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 135. The word has an anatomical meaning ('hip') in old sources, but the meaning 'side' is also attested and must be more archaic, to judge from external evidence; the more abstract meaning in Chuvash ('vicinity') also supports 'side' as the original meaning.
face="Times New Roman Star"*del- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to bore through 2 to cut 3 to open face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîäûðÿâëèâàòü 2 ðåçàòü face="Times New Roman Star"tel- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tel- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"del- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tel- 1 (Sangl. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"telyk 'opening' face="Times New Roman Star"da"l- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tel- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"del- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"del- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"del- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 471, EDT 490, ÝÑÒß 3, 185-186, TMN 2, 657.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jorukan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 badger 2 suslik face="Times New Roman Star"1 áàðñóê 2 ñóñëèê face="Times New Roman Star"c?oraxa (R) face="Times New Roman Star"joroqon (R) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 207. Turk. > WMong. z?|orug|an, z?|oruqan, Kalm. zorg|@n, zorx@n (KW 476).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jabry face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"young of birds and animals face="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø ïòèö è æèâîòíûõ face="Times New Roman Star"javru, javry face="Times New Roman Star"javry (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|vúw|r, s/urú face="Times New Roman Star"javru face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 176, ÝÑÒß 4, 53, Ëåêñèêà 168-169, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 140-141, TMN 4, 220.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jod- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to destroy face="Times New Roman Star"óíè÷òîæàòü, ðàçðóøàòü face="Times New Roman Star"jod- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jod|- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uj- face="Times New Roman Star"joj- (Houts. ), juj- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"joj- face="Times New Roman Star"c?os- face="Times New Roman Star"sot- 'to wipe out' face="Times New Roman Star"hot- 'to wipe out' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ot- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|oj- face="Times New Roman Star"z?oj- face="Times New Roman Star"joj- face="Times New Roman Star"juj- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|oj- face="Times New Roman Star"z?oj- face="Times New Roman Star"joj- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 885, VEWT 204, ÝÑÒß 4, 210, Stachowski 109.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jam face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 piece of dust 2 litter floating on the surface of water face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîðèíêà 2 ìóñîð, ïëàâàþùèé ïî âîäå face="Times New Roman Star"jam (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 205.
face="Times New Roman Star"*je.r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to hate face="Times New Roman Star"íåíàâèäåòü, ïèòàòü îòâðàùåíèå face="Times New Roman Star"jer- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"jer- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jer- face="Times New Roman Star"jer- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"jer- face="Times New Roman Star"i:r- face="Times New Roman Star"jeri- face="Times New Roman Star"sir- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|eri- face="Times New Roman Star"z?er- face="Times New Roman Star"z?eri- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 955, ÝÑÒß 4, 193, VEWT 198. Yakut shows that the Turkm. length is secondary (i:r- = jir-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*i:g face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"illness, decease face="Times New Roman Star"áîëåçíü face="Times New Roman Star"ig (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ig (MK , KB , Tefs. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ig|z?|il face="Times New Roman Star"ig (Sangl. , Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"i:gli 'rickety' face="Times New Roman Star"júx 'leprosy, scrofula' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 98-99, Åãîðîâ 76-77, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 189, Ìóäðàê 73, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 157, VEWT 169.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kat- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to heat (oven) 2 (fire) steel 3 to bake face="Times New Roman Star"1 òîïèòü ïå÷ü 2 îãíèâî 3 ïå÷ü face="Times New Roman Star"xot- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xatat 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Àøì. XVI, 256, ÝÑÒß 5, 335 (connected with *kat- 'dry', but in fact a different root because of the Chuvash form). However, if Mari oltas? 'heat' is from Bulg., the original form could be *Kal-t- and should be removed from the etymology (cf. Ôåäîòîâ 2, 372).
face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:l/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 jade 2 precious stone, the bezel of a finger ring face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿøìà 2 äðàãîöåííûé êàìåíü, ãíåçäî â êîëüöå face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Houts. , IM , Pav. C. , MA ) 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 669. KW 171. Turk. > Mong. qas(i), (HY ) qas?i, see Clark 1980 , 41, 42, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 134.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kebru"c? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"ash tree face="Times New Roman Star"ÿñåíü face="Times New Roman Star"kevrik 'hornbeam' (Vitex agnus castus) (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ru"c?, ku"vru"c? (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qoryc?-ag|ac? face="Times New Roman Star"go"jru"s? face="Times New Roman Star"kavúrús/, kavrús/ > Hung. ko:'ris face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jris? face="Times New Roman Star"qoros-ag|as face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ru"c?, Balk. ku"jru"c? face="Times New Roman Star"gu"jru"c? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 690, VEWT 245, ÝÑÒß 5, 152, Ëåêñèêà 136, Bla"sing 2002 . Volga-Turkic languages have a secondary vowel assimilation due to the compound with ag|ac?. Cf. also Osset. ka"rz(a") < Turk., see Abayev 1, 587-588; on Hung. ko?ris < Turk. see Gombocz 1912 .
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kybak / *Kabak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"white poplar, willow face="Times New Roman Star"áåëûé òîïîëü, èâà face="Times New Roman Star"kavak face="Times New Roman Star"quvaq face="Times New Roman Star"qawaq (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq (Jarr. ) face="Times New Roman Star"GovaG face="Times New Roman Star"qa:q, dial. qabaq face="Times New Roman Star"õúw|va face="Times New Roman Star"xa:k face="Times New Roman Star"xa: k face="Times New Roman Star"qywaq face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 215, ÝÑÒß 5, 170-171, TMN 3, 534-535. The variant *Kabak is probably secondary, due to vowel assimilation; qapaq in Uygh. is also secondary - a contamination with *Kap- 'cover'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jEn| face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"frazil face="Times New Roman Star"øóãà, íàëåäü face="Times New Roman Star"nen| face="Times New Roman Star"n/en| (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?en| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 197 (if not < unattested South.-Sam.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kiben-te face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"shoulder yoke face="Times New Roman Star"êîðîìûñëî face="Times New Roman Star"ko"je|nte| face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|vende face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jen|te face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jen face="Times New Roman Star"ko"je|nte| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306 (the word should be distinguished from *Ku"b- 'to pound' q. v. sub *gi_ube ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*uk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"kin, tribe face="Times New Roman Star"ðîä, ïëåìÿ face="Times New Roman Star"uq ? oq 'kin, tribe' face="Times New Roman Star"uq ? oq (MK ) 'share of inheritance' face="Times New Roman Star"uq face="Times New Roman Star"júw|x face="Times New Roman Star"uq face="Times New Roman Star"u>q (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511, ÝÑÒß 1, 582-583, Åãîðîâ 76. The OT words are sometimes erroneously united with *ok 'arrow' (thus in EDT 76).
face="Times New Roman Star"*oluk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"gutter; hollowed-out tree trunk face="Times New Roman Star"æåëîá; âûäîëáëåííûé äðåâåñíûé ñòâîë face="Times New Roman Star"oluq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"oluk face="Times New Roman Star"ulaq face="Times New Roman Star"oluq (IM , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"olaq face="Times New Roman Star"volú 'tree-trunk' face="Times New Roman Star"olyq face="Times New Roman Star"ulaq face="Times New Roman Star"oluq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 136-137, ÝÑÒß 1, 451, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 125, 131, Àøì. V, 263, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 99, 130. There also exists a similar - but originally different - form *og(u)l-, *ogluk, reflected in Chag. og|luq, Tur. dial., Gag. holluq, Chuv. valak, Yak. (Ïåê.) uoluk, uol-ba, with natural contaminations.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)o"m face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"trousers face="Times New Roman Star"áðþêè, øòàíû face="Times New Roman Star"u"m (OUygh.) (=o"m) face="Times New Roman Star"o"m (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"im (Osm.) face="Times New Roman Star"ym (Kypch. Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ym, jym, ju"m face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.m face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|m face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 155, VEWT 520-521, Åãîðîâ 78, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 195, Ìóäðàê 119, Ëåêñèêà 478.
face="Times New Roman Star"*yn|yra- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to neigh 2 to bellow, purr face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðæàòü 2 ðåâåòü, âèçæàòü, ìóðëûêàòü face="Times New Roman Star"yn|ra- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"yn|ra- face="Times New Roman Star"@n@r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"yn|yran- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"yn|yran- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 658, Åãîðîâ 65, Ìóäðàê 73.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
Total of 2017 records 101 page
Pages: 61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Back: 1 20 50 Forward: 1 20 Search within this database Select another database Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 2221018 14750735
Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov